Ebb in Flow: Sickle Cell Disease Draws Multiple Challenges to the Surface-Sickle Cell Disease PDF

Sickle Cell Disease PDF

Pdf Summary

Approximately 70,000 to 100,000 Americans and 300,000 to 500,000 newborns worldwide are affected by sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited blood disorder associated with various complications and organ failure. SCD primarily affects African-Americans, but can also be found in people of other ethnic backgrounds. SCD is not one disorder but several types of inherited blood disorders. Life expectancy for individuals with SCD ranges from about 40 to 60 years, which is an improvement from the early 1970s. Early childhood interventions such as newborn screening programs, penicillin prophylaxis, and vaccinations have contributed to longer lifespans for SCD patients. Comprehensive care for SCD includes treatment for complications such as chronic pain, iron overload, priapism, retinopathy, ulcers, nephropathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Various screening procedures and follow-up care are necessary for its management. Regular blood transfusions can be used to reduce stroke risks in SCD patients. Hydroxyurea, an anticancer medication, has been found to reduce pain episodes. Timely medical intervention is critical for many complications. Issues with access to care, inadequate pain management, and discrimination and stigmatization pose challenges for SCD patients. Gene therapy and bone marrow transplant are potential future treatments for SCD. Patient, family, and provider education are crucial for managing SCD effectively.

Keywords

Sickle cell disease

Inherited blood disorder

Complications

Organ failure

African-Americans

Life expectancy

Newborn screening programs

Chronic pain

Gene therapy

Bone marrow transplant