Mitral Valve Prolapse-Mitral Valve Prolapse

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Pdf Summary

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a structural heart condition where the mitral valve flaps don’t close tightly during heart contractions, causing them to prolapse or bulge into the left atrium. This condition can range from harmless to severe and is the most common heart valve abnormality, affecting 3-5% of the population. MVP is often diagnosed through the distinct “click-murmur” sound heard via a stethoscope and confirmed by echocardiography.<br /><br />Causes of MVP include myxomatous degeneration, a genetic condition leading to abnormal collagen formation and thickening of the valve structures, and fibroelastic deficiency, often due to aging. While many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic, some may experience palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath. Mitral regurgitation, where blood leaks backward into the atrium, can occur as a serious complication, potentially leading to heart failure.<br /><br />MVP can also be associated with mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS), which includes symptoms such as migraines, panic attacks, and fatigue. These symptoms may stem from autonomic nervous system imbalances rather than the prolapse itself.<br /><br />Risk factors for MVP include genetic predisposition, especially connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Obesity and hypertension also increase the risk of complications like mitral regurgitation.<br /><br />Treatment for MVP focuses on symptom management since there's no cure. Medications may include beta blockers for palpitations, anticoagulants for blood clots, and diuretics for fluid retention. Severe mitral regurgitation may necessitate surgical intervention, including mitral valve repair or replacement. Contemporary surgical techniques have improved outcomes significantly.<br /><br />Patients with MVP should receive regular monitoring, and those with severe symptoms or regurgitation should be treated promptly to prevent progression to more serious conditions like heart failure.

Keywords

Mitral valve prolapse

MVP

heart condition

mitral regurgitation

echocardiography

myxomatous degeneration

fibroelastic deficiency

mitral valve prolapse syndrome

genetic predisposition

treatment